Definition and context
PPM expresses a count per million units. State whether the count is nonconforming units or individual nonconformities; these measure different things.
Calculate nonconforming-unit PPM
If 12 of 40,000 inspected units are nonconforming, PPM = 12 / 40,000 × 1,000,000 = 300. Count each nonconforming unit once, even if it has several defects. This is an illustrative calculation.
Keep the denominator consistent
Compare periods only when inspection coverage, product scope and counting rules match. Sample results describe the inspected sample; do not present them as a full-lot count. Investigate changes in product mix or inspection before attributing a decrease to corrective action.
Where this term fits in the workflow
PPM (Parts Per Million) is usually shown in the performance and improvement.
Terms tied to continuous improvement, supplier performance, line discipline, and long-term quality reporting.
What is KaizenQ?
KaizenQ helps factory teams record inspection results, defect photos, and notes in one report shared with the office.
Learn more
Key takeaways
- Record the numerator, denominator and inspection scope with every PPM result.